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The superstring 2-dimensional sigma-model is the analog of the string -model but with local worldsheet supersymmetry.
This is the higher dimensional analog of how the superparticle is related to the ordinary relativistic particle.
There are several different incarnations of the superstring.
the spinning string or NSR string has in fact local worldsheet supersymmetry;
the Green-Schwarz superstring instead has manifest target space supersymmetry.
a mixture between the two has been proposed: the Berkovits superstring .
The relationship between the NRS spinning string and the Green-Schwarz superstring sigma-models is discussed in
Rafael I. Nepomechie, Nonabelian bosonization, triality, and superstring theory Physics Letters B Volume 178, Issues 2-3, 2 October 1986, Pages 207-210
I. Bars, D. Nemschansky and S. Yankielowicz, SLACPub- 3758.
This involves the relation between the octonion algebra an spinors in 2+8 dimensions (see also division algebra and supersymmetry):