Higher topos theory is the generalisation to higher category theory of topos theory. It is partly motivated by Grothendieck’s program in Pursuing Stacks.
More generally, the concept -topos is to topos as (n,r)-category is to category.
Rather little is known about the very general notion of higher topos theory. A rich theory however exists in the context of (∞,1)-categories.
Just as the archetypical example of an ordinary topos (i.e. a -topos) is Set – the category of 0-categories – so the -category of n-categories or at least of -groupoids should form the archetypical example of an -topos.
Early frameworks for Grothendieck (as opposed to “elementary”) -topoi are due Charles Rezk and Toën–Vezzosi in two versions (preprints 2002), via simplically enriched categories and via Segal categories:
Bertrand Toën, Gabrielle Vezzosi, Homotopical algebraic geometry. I. Topos theory, Adv. Math. 193 (2005), no. 2, 257–372, arXiv:math.AT/0207028
B. Toën , G. Vezzosi, Segal topoi and stacks over Segal categories, arXiv:math.AG/0212330
Jacob Lurie has given the abstract model-independent definition of (∞,1)-toposes of (∞,1)-sheaves in
and shown that Brown-Joyal-Jardine model structure on simplicial presheaves (for ordinary ∞-stacks) and more generally the Toën-Vezzosi model structure on simplicially enriched presheaves (for derived ∞-stacks) are indeed models for this theory.
In this context, indeed the (∞,1)-category ∞-Grpd or Top of ∞-groupoids or equivalently (see homotopy hypothesis) of (compactly generated weakly Hausdorff) topological spaces – is the archetypical example of an -topos.
See 2-topos.