The universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra naturally becomes a Hopf algebra in which all the elements of the original Lie algebra are primitive elements. The Milnor-Moore theorem states conditions under which, conversely, any Hopf algebra generated by primitive elements is the universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra structure on these elements.
The result is due to
Discussion for the special case of abelian restricted Lie algebras (with an eye towards its use in the May spectral sequence) is in
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